Code Conventions

C++

C++

Templates in C++ can take advantange of more powerful features than the other contest languages, and they can be more customized to each competitor. For example, C++ macros can substitute short code with longer code. Some authors choose to use them or not to use them, and the choice to use them is yours as well.

If you're not familiar with any of the features used in the code below, check Writing Generic Code for more information.

1#include <bits/stdc++.h>
2using namespace std;
3
4using ll = long long;
5
6using vi = vector<int>;
7#define pb push_back
8#define rsz resize
9#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
10#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()

Java

Java

A normal Java template will contain a main method, helpful imports, and some form of I/O (for USACO, this would probably be File I/O). See Kattio from the I/O module for an example.

Python

Python

A python template is not really necessary; however, it is a good idea to have a main method to keep the structuring of your code clean, and it may be useful to add in easy file I/O support.

1import sys # Necessary for sys.stdin and sys.stdout
2
3def main(file):
4    sys.stdin = open(file + ".in", "r") # redirects standard input to file
5    sys.stdout = open(file + ".out", "w") # redirects standard output to file
6    # your code here
7
8if __name__ == "__main__":
9    main("") # calls main method